Body of Knowledge · October 2026 · thesovereignstack.org
The Sovereign Stack

Body of Knowledge · Technology & ownership · D8

IP

Who owns the code, configuration and derived IP?

22 out of 100 · Exposed

Average of 411 scored findings; 0 findings carry no evidence on this dimension and are not counted.

1. By sector

  1. BBC 54
  2. Schools 40
  3. Higher Education 32
  4. Central Government 24
  5. NHS 19
  6. Defence 16
  7. Devolved Governments 16
  8. Local Government 14
  9. Policing 14

2. How findings split

  • Exposed 294
  • Dependent 0
  • Partly sovereign 50
  • Sovereign 67

How we score it

Each finding is scored 0 (exposed) to 3 (sovereign) from the evidence field below; the page index is the average, scaled to 100.

ip owner
Customer 3
Open 3
Shared 1.5
Vendor 0
The full method

3. Most exposed

  1. AWS – national services (Spine 36 services, NHS login, e-RS, 111 DoS, MESH) 0 NHS · NHS – National · Amazon Web Services (NHS England Digital, 2023)
  2. Microsoft Azure – NHSmail shared tenant, Copilot, NHSE analytics; ICB/trust Azure subscriptions 0 NHS · NHS – National · Microsoft (Find a Tender Service, 2025; Microsoft, n.d.)
  3. Microsoft Windows 10/11 Enterprise desktops (licensed via national Microsoft agreement) 0 NHS · NHS – National · Microsoft (TechRadar, 2025)
  4. NHS App on iOS and Android 0 NHS · NHS – National · Apple; Google (Digital Health, 2025)
  5. Oracle Database / E-Business Suite under ESR and NHSBSA systems 0 NHS · NHS – National · Oracle (Find a Tender Service, 2022)

4. Most sovereign

  1. NHS Wales App delivery partner (discovery, development, operations, support) 100 Devolved Governments · NHS Wales (DHCW / NHS Wales App) · Kainos (Find a Tender Service, 2024)
  2. Welsh Nursing Care Record (single national instance since Nov 2023) 100 Devolved Governments · NHS Wales (DHCW) · Digital Health and Care Wales (UKAuthority, 2024)
  3. Welsh PAS (WPAS) incl. maternity and theatre modules 100 Devolved Governments · NHS Wales (DHCW) · Digital Health and Care Wales (Pthb, 2023)
  4. Welsh Clinical Portal (national clinical record viewer) 100 Devolved Governments · NHS Wales (DHCW) · Digital Health and Care Wales (Pthb, 2023)
  5. ScotAccount citizen sign-in and identity verification (OIDC, 2FA) 100 Devolved Governments · Scottish Government (Digital Identity Scotland) · Scottish Government (built with Scott Logic); hosted on AWS (Mygov, 2026)
Explore every finding in the playground All twelve dimensions
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