Body of Knowledge · October 2026 · thesovereignstack.org
The Sovereign Stack

Body of Knowledge · Technology & ownership · D7

Ownership

Who ultimately owns the vendor?

53 out of 100 · Partly sovereign

Average of 369 scored findings; 42 findings carry no evidence on this dimension and are not counted.

1. By sector

  1. Schools 79
  2. BBC 59
  3. Defence 59
  4. NHS 53
  5. Higher Education 50
  6. Local Government 48
  7. Devolved Governments 48
  8. Central Government 47
  9. Policing 46

2. How findings split

  • Exposed 0
  • Dependent 245
  • Partly sovereign 33
  • Sovereign 91

How we score it

Each finding is scored 0 (exposed) to 3 (sovereign) from the evidence field below; the page index is the average, scaled to 100.

tier
T1 UK 3
T2 EU/EEA 2
OSS (governance-led) 2
T3 Five Eyes (ex-UK) 1
T4 Other allied/partner 1
T5 Non-allied 0
The full method

3. Most exposed

  1. AWS – national services (Spine 36 services, NHS login, e-RS, 111 DoS, MESH) 33 NHS · NHS – National · Amazon Web Services (NHS England Digital, 2023)
  2. Microsoft Azure – NHSmail shared tenant, Copilot, NHSE analytics; ICB/trust Azure subscriptions 33 NHS · NHS – National · Microsoft (Find a Tender Service, 2025; Microsoft, n.d.)
  3. Palantir Foundry SaaS hosting for Federated Data Platform 33 NHS · NHS – National · Palantir (on hyperscaler cloud) (NHS England, 2026; The Register, n.d.)
  4. Microsoft Windows 10/11 Enterprise desktops (licensed via national Microsoft agreement) 33 NHS · NHS – National · Microsoft (TechRadar, 2025)
  5. NHS App on iOS and Android 33 NHS · NHS – National · Apple; Google (Digital Health, 2025)

4. Most sovereign

  1. LandWeb land registration system (BT PFI since 1999) pending NOVA replacement 100 Devolved Governments · NICS (Land & Property Services, DoF) · BT (GOV.UK, 2025)
  2. NHS Wales App delivery partner (discovery, development, operations, support) 100 Devolved Governments · NHS Wales (DHCW / NHS Wales App) · Kainos (Find a Tender Service, 2024)
  3. Welsh Nursing Care Record (single national instance since Nov 2023) 100 Devolved Governments · NHS Wales (DHCW) · Digital Health and Care Wales (UKAuthority, 2024)
  4. Welsh PAS (WPAS) incl. maternity and theatre modules 100 Devolved Governments · NHS Wales (DHCW) · Digital Health and Care Wales (Pthb, 2023)
  5. Welsh Clinical Portal (national clinical record viewer) 100 Devolved Governments · NHS Wales (DHCW) · Digital Health and Care Wales (Pthb, 2023)
Explore every finding in the playground All twelve dimensions
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